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Efeitos da redução ou substituição do soro fetal bovino por outros compostos na maturação in vitro de oócitos bovinos

This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; The use of fetal calf serum (FCS), although widely employed during in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos, has limitations. FCS is an undefined media and may have harmful effects on the quality of embryos. For this reason, in recent years, research efforts aimed at improving IVP of bovine embryos, have focused at the replacement of FCS by alternative compounds in culture media. In this study, fatty acid free bovine serum albumin (BSA-FAF) and embryonic fluid (EF) were used separately or in combination, in different concentrations, to replace or reduce the concentration of FCS during in vitro maturation (IVM). For this purpose, bovine oocytes were in vitro matured under different treatments and were assigned to one of the following groups (G) according to the protein supplementation: G1 (control) = 10% FCS, G2 = 8mg/mL BSA-FAF, G3 = 10% EF, G4 = 6mg/mL BSA-FAF + 5% FCS, G5 = 6mg/mL BSA-FAF + 3.5% FCS + 1.5% EF, G6 = 6mg/mL BSA-FAF + 1.5% FCS + 3.5% EF, G7 = 6mg/mL BSA-FAF + 5% EF, and G8 = 5% FCS + 5% EF). After 24 hours of IVM, oocytes were classified according to the meiotic progression and migration of cortical granules (CG) to the periphery. Maturation rates were evaluated by chi-square test (χ2) or, when appropriate, by Fisher's exact test, and orthogonal contrasts were performed to isolate effects of the compounds. The group supplemented with BSA-FAF (G2) had a lower number of oocytes that reached MII (75%) compared to the groups G1, G4, G5 and G8 (88.9%, 89.6%, 87% and 86.8%, respectively), with no difference in relation to G3 (79.8%), G6 (82.9%) and G7 (82.9%). Moreover, G3 also showed inferior nuclear maturation rate when compared to G4. Regarding cytoplasmic maturation, the rates were reduced to 43.9%, 43.2%, 43.1% and 36.5% in G2, G7, G6 and G3 groups, respectively, compared to the control group (G1; 62.4%). On the other hand, in the groups G8, G4 and G5, maturation rates were not affected by reduction of FCS, where 59.3%, 51.3% and 50.8% of the oocytes displayed CG arranged peripherally, respectively. The results obtained by the orthogonal contrast test are in accordance with the ones from the evaluation of the nuclear maturation and cortical granules migration. These data show the need of FCS on the MIV, even in low concentrations, and the possibility of decrease its concentration by associating it with BSA-FAF and/or EF. Therefore, we concluded that it is possible to reduce the concentration of FCS in IVM medium to a concentration of 3.5% without affecting nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation rates. ; A utilização do soro fetal bovino (SFB), embora bastante disseminada na produção in vitro (PIV) de embriões bovinos, apresenta limitações por ser um meio indefinido e por causar efeitos que prejudicam a qualidade desses embriões. Por esse motivo, nos últimos anos, grande parte das pesquisas relacionadas à PIV está voltada para a substituição do SFB por outros compostos nos meios de cultura. No presente estudo, foram utilizados como compostos protéicos a albumina sérica bovina livre de ácidos graxos (BSA-FAF) e um produto comercial denominado fluido embriônico (FE) de maneira isolada ou em diferentes combinações e concentrações, com objetivo de substituir ou diminuir a concentração do SFB durante a maturação in vitro (MIV). Para isso, oócitos bovinos foram maturados in vitro nos seguintes grupos (G) que foram delineados de acordo com a suplementação protéica recebida: G1 (controle) = 10% de SFB, G2 = 8mg/mL de BSA-FAF, G3 = 10% de FE, G4 = 6mg/mL de BSA-FAF + 5% de SFB, G5 = 6mg/mL de BSA-FAF + 3,5% de SFB + 1,5% de FE, G6 = 6mg/mL de BSA-FAF + 1,5% de SFB + 3,5% de FE, G7 = 6mg/mL de BSA-FAF + 5% de FE e G8 = 5% de SFB + 5% de FE. Após 24 horas de MIV, os oócitos foram classificados de acordo com a progressão meiótica e migração dos grânulos corticais (GC). As taxas de maturação foram avaliadas pelo teste do Qui-Quadrado (χ2) ou, quando apropriado, pelo teste exato de Fisher, e para o estudo dos efeitos dos suplementos foram realizados contrastes ortogonais. O grupo suplementado com BSA-FAF (G2) mostrou diminuição na taxa de oócitos que atingiram MII (75%) em comparação aos grupos G1, G4, G5 e G8 (88,9%, 89,6%, 87% e 86,8%, respectivamente), sem diferir do do G3 (79,8%), G6 (82,9%) e G7 (82,9%). Ademais, o G3 também apresentou diminuição na taxa de maturação nuclear quando comparado ao G4. Quanto à maturação citoplasmática, nos grupos G2, G7, G6 e G3, houve redução (p