Elsevier, Human Pathology, (51), p. 86-95, 2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.12.020
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Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is implicated in 45% of renal allograft failure and 57% of late allograft dysfunction. Peritubular capillary C4d is a specific but insensitive marker of ABMR. The 2013 Banff Conference ABMR revised criteria included C4d-negative ABMR with evidence of endothelial-antibody interaction. We hypothesized that endothelial activation and lymphangiogenesis are increased with C4d-negative ABMR, and correlate with intra-graft T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and T-helper 17 (Th17).