From the roots of Ligularia oligonema and an unidentified sample of Ligularia collected in Yunnan Province of China, two new sesquiterpenoids, 3beta-acetoxy-6beta-(2-methylbutyryloxy)furanoeremophilan-10beta-ol and 3beta-acetoxy-6beta-isobutyryloxyfuranoeremophilan-10beta-ol, were isolated. DNA sequencing showed that the unidentified sample was likely to be L. oligonema. In addition, the DNA data suggested that the chemical evolution among L. oligonema and related Ligularia species is rather complex.