Published in
Elsevier, Materials Chemistry and Physics: Including Materials Science Communications, (151), p. 206-214, 2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.11.055
Links
Tools
Phase evolution of vanadium oxides obtained through temperature programmed calcinations of ammonium vanadate in hydrogen atmosphere and their humidity sensing properties
,
E. C. Linganiso,
B. P. Dhonge ,
K. E. Rammutla,
A. Machatine,
L. Prinsloo,
H. Kunert,
B. W. Mwakikunga
Full text: Download
Abstract
The possibility of obtaining vanadium dioxide (VO2) [wherein the vanadium ionic state is 4+] from a precursor of ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) bearing the ion V5+ is investigated. The reduction is carried out by calcining the NH4VO3 powders in similar concentrations of H2 flow at varying temperatures. The resulting powders have been studied by several techniques including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, BET and DSC. It is found that remnants of bright yellow V5+ still exist up to calcination temperatures of 100 °C after which the sky-blue VO2 dominates at calcination temperatures of 150 °C–250 °C. There is a population surge of metastable dark-blue V6O13 (where V is in between V4+ and V5+ ionic states) between 250 °C and 300 °C. However above 350 °C the material reverts to the stable V5+ in the yellow–orange V2O5. XPS/EDS and VSM confirm the order of appearance to be VO2(150 °C) → V6O13(200 °C) → V2O5 (350 °C).