The interest for the use of vegetal fibers as polymer reinforcement has recently increased because of their unique environmental and technological advantages. This work evaluated the use of Curauá fibers in polyamide-6 composites, aiming at glass fiber replacement. Fiber contents of 0, 20, 30 and 40 wt% and fiber lengths of 0.1 or 10 mm were analyzed. Part of short fibers were treated with N2 plasma, or washed with NaOH solution, to improve their adhesion to the PA-6 matrix. Samples with 20 wt% of short or long fiber, with or without pre-treatment, were compounded in an internal mixer and in two different co-rotating inter-meshing twin-screw extruders. Test specimens molded from these samples were submitted to mechanical (tensile, flexural and impact) and thermal (HDT) tests. In summary, for the samples with non-treated fiber compounded in the extruder, moist raw materials improved fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion. Tensile and flexural properties of this composite are better than unfilled PA-6, but lower than glass fiber reinforced PA-6. However, its impact resistance and heat deflection temperature, similar to the glass fiber reinforced PA-6, and its lower density, enable it to replace the latter in specific, non-critical applications.