Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope

d'Hendecourt, L.; Brownlee, Don; Tsou, Peter; Aléon, Jérôme; Aleon, Jérôme; Alexander, Conel M. O.-'.-D-D.; Araki, Tohru; Bajt, Sasa; Baratta, Giuseppe A.; Bastien, Ron; Bland, Phil; Bleuet, Pierre; Borg, Janet; Bradley, John P.; Brearley, Adrian; Brenker, F.; Brennan, Sean; O.-'.-D. Alexander, Conel; Bridges, John C.; Browning, Nigel D.; Brucato, John R.; Bullock, E.; Burchell, Mark J.; Busemann, Henner; Butterworth, Anna; Chaussidon, Marc; Cheuvront, Allan; Chi, Miaofang F.; Cintala, Mark J.; Clark, B. C.; Clemett, Simon J.; Cody, George; Colangeli, Luigi; Cooper, George; Cordier, Patrick; Daghlian, C.; Dai, Zurong R.; D'Hendecourt, Louis; Djouadi, Zahia; Dominguez, Gerardo; Duxbury, Tom; Dworkin, Jason P.; Ebel, Denton S.; Economou, Thanasis E.; Fakra, Sirine; Fairey, Sam A. J.; Fallon, Stewart; Ferrini, Gianluca; Ferroir, T.; Fleckenstein, Holger; Floss, Christine; Flynn, George; Franchi, Ian A.; Fries, Marc; Gainsforth, Z.; Gallien, J.-P.; Genge, Matt; Gilles, Mary K.; Gillet, Philipe; Gilmour, Jamie; Glavin, Daniel P.; Gounelle, Matthieu; Grady, Monica M.; Graham, Giles A.; Grant, P. G.; Green, Simon F.; Grossemy, Faustine; Grossman, Lawrence; Grossman, Jeffrey N.; Guan, Yunbin; Hagiya, Kenji; Harvey, Ralph; Heck, Philipp; Herzog, Gregory F.; Hoppe, Peter; Horz, Friedrich; Huth, Joachim; Hutcheon, Ian D.; Ignatyev, Konstantin; Ishii, Hope; Ito, Motoo; Jacob, Damien; Jacobsen, Chris; Jacobsen, Stein; Jones, Steven; Joswiak, David; Jurewicz, Amy; Hörz, Friedrich; Kearsley, Anton T.; Keller, Lindsay P.; Khodja, H.; Kilcoyne, A. L. David; Kissel, Jochen; Krot, Alexander; Langenhorst, Falko; Lanzirotti, Antonio; Le, Loan; Leshin, Laurie A.; Leitner, J.; Lemelle, Laurence; Leroux, Hugues; Liu, Ming-Chang; Luening, K.; Lyon, Ian; MacPherson, Glen; Marcus, Matthew A.; Marhas, Kuljeet; Marty, Bernard; Matrajt, Graciela; McKeegan, Kevin; Meibom, Anders; Mennella, Vito; Messenger, Keiko; Messenger, Scott; Mikouchi, Takashi; Mostefaoui, Smail; Nakamura, Tomoki; Nakano, T.; Newville, M.; Nittler, Larry R.; Ohnishi, Ichiro; Ohsumi, Kazumasa; Okudaira, Kyoko; Papanastassiou, Dimitri A.; Palma, Russ; Palumbo, Maria E.; Pepin, Robert O.; Perkins, David; Perronnet, Murielle; Pianetta, P.; Rao, William; Rietmeijer, Frans J. M.; Robert, François; Rost, D.; Rotundi, Alessandra; Ryan, Robert; Sandford, Scott A.; Schwandt, Craig S.; See, Thomas H.; Schlutter, Dennis; Sheffield Parker, J.; Simionovici, Alexandre; Simon, Steven; Sitnitsky, I.; Snead, Christopher J.; Spencer, Maegan K.; Stadermann, Frank J.; Steele, Andrew; Stephan, Thomas; Stroud, Rhonda; Susini, Jean; Sutton, S. R.; Suzuki, Y.; Taheri, Mitra; Taylor, Susan; Teslich, Nick; Tomeoka, Kazu; Tomioka, Naotaka; Toppani, Alice; Trigo Rodriguez, Josep M.; Troadec, David; Tsuchiyama, Akira; Tuzzolino, Anthony J.; Tyliszczak, Tolek; Uesugi, K.; Velbel, Michael; Vellenga, Joe; Vicenzi, E.; Vincze, L.; Warren, Jack; Weber, Iris; Weisberg, Mike; Westphal, Andrew J.; Wirick, Sue; Wooden, Diane; Wopenka, Brigitte; Wozniakiewicz, Penelope; Wright, Ian; Yabuta, Hikaru; Yano, Hajime; Young, Edward D.; Zare, Richard N.; Zega, Thomas; Ziegler, Karen; Zimmerman, Laurent; Zinner, Ernst; Zolensky, Michael

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Tohru Araki
d'Hendecourt et al., 2006

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American Association for the Advancement of Science, Science, 5806(314), p. 1711-1716, 2006

DOI: 10.1126/science.1135840

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@article{d'Hendecourt2006,
  abstract = {The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales.},
  author = {d'Hendecourt, L. and Brownlee, Don and Tsou, Peter and Aléon, Jérôme and Aleon, Jérôme and Alexander, Conel M. O.-'.-D-D. and Araki, Tohru and Bajt, Sasa and Baratta, Giuseppe A. and Bastien, Ron and Bland, Phil and Bleuet, Pierre and Borg, Janet and Bradley, John P. and Brearley, Adrian and Brenker, F. and Brennan, Sean and O.-'.-D. Alexander, Conel and Bridges, John C. and Browning, Nigel D. and Brucato, John R. and Bullock, E. and Burchell, Mark J. and Busemann, Henner and Butterworth, Anna and Chaussidon, Marc and Cheuvront, Allan and Chi, Miaofang F. and Cintala, Mark J. and Clark, B. C. and Clemett, Simon J. and Cody, George and Colangeli, Luigi and Cooper, George and Cordier, Patrick and Daghlian, C. and Dai, Zurong R. and D'Hendecourt, Louis and Djouadi, Zahia and Dominguez, Gerardo and Duxbury, Tom and Dworkin, Jason P. and Ebel, Denton S. and Economou, Thanasis E. and Fakra, Sirine and Fairey, Sam A. J. and Fallon, Stewart and Ferrini, Gianluca and Ferroir, T. and Fleckenstein, Holger and Floss, Christine and Flynn, George and Franchi, Ian A. and Fries, Marc and Gainsforth, Z. and Gallien, J.-P. and Genge, Matt and Gilles, Mary K. and Gillet, Philipe and Gilmour, Jamie and Glavin, Daniel P. and Gounelle, Matthieu and Grady, Monica M. and Graham, Giles A. and Grant, P. G. and Green, Simon F. and Grossemy, Faustine and Grossman, Lawrence and Grossman, Jeffrey N. and Guan, Yunbin and Hagiya, Kenji and Harvey, Ralph and Heck, Philipp and Herzog, Gregory F. and Hoppe, Peter and Horz, Friedrich and Huth, Joachim and Hutcheon, Ian D. and Ignatyev, Konstantin and Ishii, Hope and Ito, Motoo and Jacob, Damien and Jacobsen, Chris and Jacobsen, Stein and Jones, Steven and Joswiak, David and Jurewicz, Amy and Hörz, Friedrich and Kearsley, Anton T. and Keller, Lindsay P. and Khodja, H. and Kilcoyne, A. L. David and Kissel, Jochen and Krot, Alexander and Langenhorst, Falko and Lanzirotti, Antonio and Le, Loan and Leshin, Laurie A. and Leitner, J. and Lemelle, Laurence and Leroux, Hugues and Liu, Ming-Chang and Luening, K. and Lyon, Ian and MacPherson, Glen and Marcus, Matthew A. and Marhas, Kuljeet and Marty, Bernard and Matrajt, Graciela and McKeegan, Kevin and Meibom, Anders and Mennella, Vito and Messenger, Keiko and Messenger, Scott and Mikouchi, Takashi and Mostefaoui, Smail and Nakamura, Tomoki and Nakano, T. and Newville, M. and Nittler, Larry R. and Ohnishi, Ichiro and Ohsumi, Kazumasa and Okudaira, Kyoko and Papanastassiou, Dimitri A. and Palma, Russ and Palumbo, Maria E. and Pepin, Robert O. and Perkins, David and Perronnet, Murielle and Pianetta, P. and Rao, William and Rietmeijer, Frans J. M. and Robert, François and Rost, D. and Rotundi, Alessandra and Ryan, Robert and Sandford, Scott A. and Schwandt, Craig S. and See, Thomas H. and Schlutter, Dennis and Sheffield Parker, J. and Simionovici, Alexandre and Simon, Steven and Sitnitsky, I. and Snead, Christopher J. and Spencer, Maegan K. and Stadermann, Frank J. and Steele, Andrew and Stephan, Thomas and Stroud, Rhonda and Susini, Jean and Sutton, S. R. and Suzuki, Y. and Taheri, Mitra and Taylor, Susan and Teslich, Nick and Tomeoka, Kazu and Tomioka, Naotaka and Toppani, Alice and Trigo Rodriguez, Josep M. and Troadec, David and Tsuchiyama, Akira and Tuzzolino, Anthony J. and Tyliszczak, Tolek and Uesugi, K. and Velbel, Michael and Vellenga, Joe and Vicenzi, E. and Vincze, L. and Warren, Jack and Weber, Iris and Weisberg, Mike and Westphal, Andrew J. and Wirick, Sue and Wooden, Diane and Wopenka, Brigitte and Wozniakiewicz, Penelope and Wright, Ian and Yabuta, Hikaru and Yano, Hajime and Young, Edward D. and Zare, Richard N. and Zega, Thomas and Ziegler, Karen and Zimmerman, Laurent and Zinner, Ernst and Zolensky, Michael},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1135840},
  journal = {Science},
  month = {jan},
  pages = {1711-1716},
  title = {Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope},
  url = {https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc882789/m2/1/high_res_d/902310.pdf},
  volume = {314},
  year = {2006}
}

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Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope

Journal article published in 2006 by L. d'Hendecourt, Don Brownlee, Peter Tsou, Jérôme Aléon, Jérôme Aleon, Conel M. O.-'.-D-D. Alexander, Tohru Araki

, Sasa Bajt, Giuseppe A. Baratta, Ron Bastien, Phil Bland, Pierre Bleuet, Janet Borg, John P. Bradley, Adrian Brearley and other authors. L. d'Hendecourt, Don Brownlee, Peter Tsou, Jérôme Aléon, Jérôme Aleon, Conel M. O.-'.-D-D. Alexander, Tohru Araki

, Sasa Bajt, Giuseppe A. Baratta, Ron Bastien, Phil Bland, Pierre Bleuet, Janet Borg, John P. Bradley, Adrian Brearley, F. Brenker, Sean Brennan, Conel O.-'.-D. Alexander, John C. Bridges, Nigel D. Browning, John R. Brucato, E. Bullock, Mark J. Burchell

, Henner Busemann, Anna Butterworth, Marc Chaussidon, Allan Cheuvront, Miaofang F. Chi, Mark J. Cintala, B. C. Clark, Simon J. Clemett, George Cody, Luigi Colangeli, George Cooper, Patrick Cordier, C. Daghlian, Zurong R. Dai, Louis D'Hendecourt, Zahia Djouadi, Gerardo Dominguez, Tom Duxbury, Jason P. Dworkin, Denton S. Ebel, Thanasis E. Economou, Sirine Fakra, Sam A. J. Fairey, Stewart Fallon

, Gianluca Ferrini, T. Ferroir, Holger Fleckenstein, Christine Floss, George Flynn, Ian A. Franchi, Marc Fries, Z. Gainsforth, J.-P. Gallien, Matt Genge, Mary K. Gilles, Philipe Gillet, Jamie Gilmour, Daniel P. Glavin, Matthieu Gounelle, Monica M. Grady, Giles A. Graham, P. G. Grant, Simon F. Green, Faustine Grossemy, Lawrence Grossman, Jeffrey N. Grossman, Yunbin Guan, Kenji Hagiya, Ralph Harvey, Philipp Heck, Gregory F. Herzog, Peter Hoppe, Friedrich Horz, Joachim Huth, Ian D. Hutcheon, Konstantin Ignatyev, Hope Ishii, Motoo Ito, Damien Jacob

, Chris Jacobsen, Stein Jacobsen, Steven Jones, David Joswiak, Amy Jurewicz, Friedrich Hörz, Anton T. Kearsley, Lindsay P. Keller, H. Khodja, A. L. David Kilcoyne, Jochen Kissel, Alexander Krot, Falko Langenhorst, Antonio Lanzirotti, Loan Le, Laurie A. Leshin, J. Leitner, Laurence Lemelle, Hugues Leroux, Ming-Chang Liu, K. Luening, Ian Lyon, Glen MacPherson, Matthew A. Marcus, Kuljeet Marhas, Bernard Marty, Graciela Matrajt, Kevin McKeegan, Anders Meibom

, Vito Mennella, Keiko Messenger, Scott Messenger, Takashi Mikouchi

, Smail Mostefaoui, Tomoki Nakamura, T. Nakano, M. Newville, Larry R. Nittler, Ichiro Ohnishi, Kazumasa Ohsumi, Kyoko Okudaira, Dimitri A. Papanastassiou, Russ Palma, Maria E. Palumbo

, Robert O. Pepin, David Perkins, Murielle Perronnet, P. Pianetta, William Rao, Frans J. M. Rietmeijer, François Robert, D. Rost, Alessandra Rotundi

, Robert Ryan, Scott A. Sandford, Craig S. Schwandt, Thomas H. See, Dennis Schlutter, J. Sheffield Parker, Alexandre Simionovici, Steven Simon, I. Sitnitsky, Christopher J. Snead, Maegan K. Spencer, Frank J. Stadermann, Andrew Steele, Thomas Stephan, Rhonda Stroud, Jean Susini, S. R. Sutton, Y. Suzuki, Mitra Taheri, Susan Taylor, Nick Teslich, Kazu Tomeoka, Naotaka Tomioka, Alice Toppani, Josep M. Trigo Rodriguez, David Troadec, Akira Tsuchiyama, Anthony J. Tuzzolino, Tolek Tyliszczak, K. Uesugi, Michael Velbel, Joe Vellenga, E. Vicenzi

, L. Vincze, Jack Warren, Iris Weber, Mike Weisberg, Andrew J. Westphal, Sue Wirick, Diane Wooden, Brigitte Wopenka, Penelope Wozniakiewicz

, Ian Wright, Hikaru Yabuta, Hajime Yano, Edward D. Young

, Richard N. Zare, Thomas Zega, Karen Ziegler, Laurent Zimmerman, Ernst Zinner, Michael Zolensky

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Abstract

The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales.

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Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope

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