The medical student may have difficulties using accurate and organized terms of psychiatric semiology in order to structure its medical reasoning. The lack of consensus on the organization of psychiatric semiology as well as psychiatric syndromes is one reason for these difficulties. This article proposes a minimum psychiatric semiology of adult that should be used by a medical student. In the first part, called analytic semiology, it will be proposed an organization of psychiatric signs and symptoms based wherever possible on the current data of neuroscience and international consensus. A summary of the different terms of psychiatric semiology that the medical student should known will be proposed with a summary table. In the second part, called syndromic semiology, it will be examined one by one the basic syndromes that psychiatric semiology can identify without prefiguring their psychiatric and non-psychiatric aetiology. The medical reasoning applies in psychiatry will be summarized in as a synthetic support card.