We present new crustal and lithospheric thickness maps for Central Eurasia from the combination of elevation and geoid anomaly data and thermal analysis. The results are strongly constrained by numerous previous data based on seismological and seismic experiments, tomographic imaging and integrated geophysical studies. Our results indicate that high topography regions are associated with crustal thickening being maximum below the Zagros, Himalaya, Tien Shan and the Tibetan Plateau. The stiffer continental blocks remaining undeformed within the continental collision areas are characterized by a slightly thickened crust and flat topography. Lithospheric thickness and crustal thickness show different patterns that highlight an important strain partitioning within the lithosphere. The Arabia/Eurasia collision zone is characterized by a thick lithosphere underneath the Zagros belt whereas a thin to inexistent lithospheric mantle is observed beneath the Iranian and Anatolian plateaus. On the contrary, the India/Eurasia collision zone is characterized by a very thick lithosphere below its southern part as a consequence of the underplating of the cold and stiff Indian lithosphere. Our new model presents great improvements compared to previous global models available for the region and allows us to discuss major aspects related to the lithospheric structure and acting geodynamic processes in Central Eurasia.