Municipal wastewater reuse, reclamation and recycling are essential to the development of sound water and environment management policies. In arid and semi-arid regions, wastewater reuse is a vital component of their development ensuring alternative water resources, sustainability, reduction of the environmental pollution and health protection. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the role of wastewater reuse in the development of new integrated resource management strategy in Europe and the Middle East. Keywords Integrated resource management; water reuse; Europe; Mediterranean region; Middle East