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Nature Research, Nature, 6643(388), p. 631-631, 1997

DOI: 10.1038/41677

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Framboidal pyrites in antique books

Journal article published in 1997 by Javier Garcia-Guinea, Jesus Martinez-Frias ORCID, Rafael Gonzalez-Martin, Luis Zamora
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, ink was commonly manufactured by mixing tannin with iron sulphates. The anoxic environment inside ancient books favours the reduction of the sulphate in the ink and allows spherical aggregates (framboids) of submicrometre-sized pyrite crystals (iron sulphide) to be formed.