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American Chemical Society, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 5(137), p. 1825-1832, 2015

DOI: 10.1021/ja5106927

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Methane to Acetic Acid over Cu-Exchanged Zeolites: Mechanistic Insights from a Site-Specific Carbonylation Reaction

This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

The selective low temperature oxidation of methane is an attractive, yet challenging pathway to convert abundant natural gas into value added chemicals. Copper-exchanged ZSM-5 and mordenite (MOR) zeolites have received attention due to their ability to oxidize methane into methanol using molecular oxygen. In this work, the conversion of methane into acetic acid is demonstrated using Cu-MOR by coupling oxidation with carbonylation reactions. The carbonylation reaction, known to occur predominantly in the 8-membered ring pockets of MOR, is used as a site-specific probe to gain insight into important mechanis-tic differences existing between Cu-MOR and Cu-ZSM-5 during methane oxidation. For the tandem reaction sequence, Cu-MOR generated drastically higher amounts of acetic acid when compared to Cu-ZSM-5 (22 vs 4 μmol/g). Preferential titration with sodium showed a direct correlation between the number of acid sites in the eight membered ring pockets in MOR and ace-tic acid yield, indicating that methoxy species present in the MOR side pockets undergo carbonylation. Coupled spectroscopic and reactivity measurements were used to identify the genesis of the oxidation sites and to validate the migration of methoxy species from the oxidation site to the carbonylation site. Our results indicate that the CuII-O-CuII sites previously associated with methane oxidation in both Cu-MOR and Cu-ZSM-5 are oxidation active but carbonylation inactive. In turn, combined UV-vis and EPR spectroscopic studies showed that a novel CuII site is formed at Cu/Al <0.2 in MOR. These sites oxidize me-thane and promote the migration of the product to a Brønsted acid site in the 8-MR to undergo carbonylation.