American Institute of Physics, Applied Physics Letters, 26(107), p. 262903
DOI: 10.1063/1.4938759
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An electric field-temperature (E-T) phase diagram for a lead-free 0.5 mol. % Mn-doped Bi(Na0.1K0.9)TiO3 ceramics was investigated. The x-ray diffraction, dielectric and polarization measurements revealed relaxor behavior and were used to characterize the stability regions of the non-ergodic relaxor, ergodic relaxor and electric field induced ferroelectric states. As indicated by the polarization-current density profiles, transformation between two electric fields, induced ferroelectric states with opposite polarization direction arise via a two-step process through an intermediate relaxor state. Interplay between the ferroelectric state conversion and intermediate relaxor state is governed by the dynamics of polarization relaxation. The presented E-T phase diagram revealed the effects of the applied electric field and temperature on stability regions. This is of special interest since the Bi0.5(Na0.1K0.9)0.5TiO3 ceramics were proposed as a potential piezoceramic material.