Published in

Elsevier, BBA - Biomembranes, 11(1838), p. 2817-2824, 2014

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.07.015

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Improving the apo-state detergent stability of NTS1 with CHESS for pharmacological and structural studies

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

The largest single class of drug targets is the G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) family. Modern high-throughput methods for drug discovery require working with pure protein, but this has been a challenge for GPCRs, and thus the success of screening campaigns targeting soluble, catalytic protein domains has not yet been realized for GPCRs. Therefore, most GPCR drug screening has been cell-based, whereas the strategy of choice for drug discovery against soluble proteins is HTS using purified proteins coupled to structure-based drug design. While recent developments are increasing the chances of obtaining GPCR crystal structures, the feasibility of screening directly against purified GPCRs in the unbound state (apo-state) remains low. GPCRs exhibit low stability in detergent micelles, especially in the apo-state, over the time periods required for performing large screens. Recent methods for generating detergent-stable GPCRs, however, offer the potential for researchers to manipulate GPCRs almost like soluble enzymes, opening up new avenues for drug discovery. Here we apply Cellular High-throughput Encapsulation, Solubilization and Screening (CHESS) to the neurotensin receptor 1 (NTS1) to generate a variant that is stable in the apo-state when solubilized in detergents. This high stability facilitated the crystal structure determination of this receptor and also allowed us to probe the pharmacology of detergent-solubilized, apo-state NTS1 using robotic ligand binding assays. NTS1 is a target for the development of novel antipsychotics and thus CHESS-stabilized receptors represent exciting tools for drug discovery.