Phytoremediation is an option considered in the radioactive pollution of soils and waters as an easy, environmental-friendly, and energetically inexpensive method in order to clean radioactive-contaminated fields or surface waters. A short review of radionuclides uptake at laboratory scale, greenhouse, and in-field is presented, and our results are highlighted. In a model study, wheat germination is presented here as a cleaning method at laboratory scale and a number of toxicological and biochemical aspects are further discussed. The effect of several natural and synthetic radioprotective agents is also presented.