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Royal Society of Chemistry, Chemical Science

DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04368a

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Enhanced Aging Properties of HKUST-1 in Hydrophobic Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Ammonia Adsorption

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in their free powder form have exhibited superior capacities for many gases when compared to other materials, due to their tailorable functionality and high surface areas. Specifically, the MOF HKUST-1 binds small molecules with lone pairs of electrons, such as ammonia, with its coordinatively unsaturated copper sites. We describe here the use of HKUST-1 in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) prepared from polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) for the removal of ammonia gas. These MMMs exhibit ammonia capacities similar to their hypothetical capacities based on the weight percent of HKUST-1 in each MMM. HKUST-1 in its powder form is unstable toward humid conditions; however, upon exposure to humid environments for prolonged periods of time, the HKUST-1 MMMs exhibit outstanding structural stability, and maintain their ammonia capacity. Overall, this study has achieved all of the critical and combined elements for real-world applications of MOFs: high MOF loadings, fully accessible M