This report presents, for the first time in Italy, a comprehensive picture of the brucellosis between 1998 and 2011 in our country. The disease has been described in general and in detail, analyzing the official data available in Italy from the surveillance in animals and in humans in that period. This document presents the integrated approach, under the “One Health, One Medicine” concept that in Italy has been followed for the control of the disease, emphasizing the importance of such approach and the need to extensive cooperation between public health and animal health professionals. This report is intended as a tool for both scientists and authorities, providing them with the available knowledge of the disease and focussing on critical points and conditions that still affect the capacity of control of the brucellosis in Italy.