A microfluidic system for rapid and quantitative detection of plasma biomarkers from patients at intensive care units is presented. The system integrates a magnetic bead based immunoassay onto a microfluidic disposable chip. Biomarker concentrations down to 10 pg/mL were detected within 40 minutes with the presented system. Chemiluminescence is used as detection method, which enables signal readout with a lens-less photodiode as optical detection unit. Due to the combination of an efficient detection system and simple chip fabrication, our system fulfills the requirements for a potential point-of-care device: cost efficiency, speed, and high sensitivity.