Obtained from breadfruit seeds (Artocarpus incisa), frutalin (FTL) has a range of important pharmacological properties. FTL activates and modulates lymphocytes and neutrophils and possesses gastroprotective effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of FTL to protect the gastric mucosa of mice submitted to ethanol-induced gastric injury. The gastroprotective effect of frutalina was evaluated using a murine model of ethanol-induced gastric injury. Damage of the gastric mucosa was assessed morphologically by light, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Lymphocyte infiltration, necrosis, disruption of the mucosal structures and epithelial desquamation were observed in the control group. In the group pretreated with frutalina at 0.5 mg/kg, gastroprotection, reduced tissue damage and preserved submucosal and mucosal structures were observed. In conclusion, FTL displayed gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced gastric injury, preventing the formation of gastric ulcer and reducing epithelial desquamation, glandular damage, mucosal necrosis and infiltration. The observed effects appear to be due to mechanisms previously described for frutalin.