The production of CuO nanofibers is a challenge. In this work, a novel, rapid and easy fabrication method for CuO nanofibers is reported. The nanofibers were prepared from the decomposition of Cu(OH)2 using a dielectric-barrier discharge plasma initiated at ambient conditions. The diameter of the CuO nanofibers varied from about 30 nm to 100 nm, whereas the length was as long as 1300 nm. X-ray diffraction analyses showed the nanofibers possess a monoclinic CuO structure.