Several dietary habits and lifestyles can be associated with different headache types or with their progression to chronic forms. Different population-based studies have tried to investigate this relationship with poor or contradictory results. We shortly reported the current knowledges available in literature in this regard, paying particular attention to the role that certain factors play in modifying frequency and intensity of headache in adults and in adolescents. Future studies are necessary to clarify the real weight which the different factors have in natural history and in clinic evolution of headache, especially in adolescence, but the already known data suggest an important modulating action. If they will be confirmed, these results will be likely to influence clinical practice as well to address educational programs in preadolescents and adolescents.