D1.4 in the framework of the EU FP7 Project REFORM reviewed the literature on costs and benefits of river restoration. Data were collected in a database in order to empirically investigate the costs of river restoration measures throughout Europe. Also, a summary of restoration planning and the specific measures which can inform the future development of cost-benefit analysis (REFORM D5.2) and their application were introduced. A non-exhaustive review of peer-reviewed literature and technical reports was conducted to elicit the effects of individual measures, providing a basis for the analysis of restoration benefits.