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A synthesis of bat and bird fatalities in Québec wind facilities between 2007 and 2011

Proceedings article published in 2012 by Junior A. Tremblay
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Preprint: policy unknown
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Postprint: policy unknown
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Abstract

Wind power is expanding all around the world and Quebec plans to increase its production to more than 1000 MW in 2012 and will reach 1700 MW in 2013. Whereas wind energy, like other renewable energy resources, offers the prospect of significant environmental benefits, the effects of wind energy developments mainly on birds and bats have raised important legal and ecological issues in the permitting and operation of wind facilities. To ensure the protection of biodiversity, especially birds and bats, Quebec government requires, since 2008, a post-construction mortality surveys during the first three operational years. These surveys present the same methodology and are thus adequately comparable. I present a synthesis of bird and bat fatalities reported during post-construction mortality surveys of 4 wind facilities during the 2008-2011 period. Estimates of bird mortality during this period ranged from 0 to 0.019 fatalities/turbine/day, or 0 to 6.801 fatalities/turbine/year and range from 0 to 0.015 fatalities/turbine/day, or 0 to 5.546 fatalities/turbine/year for bats. Mortality rates of birds and bats have a seasonal variability. A wind farm has more than 90 % of bat fatalities reported and in this wind facility, more than 87.7 % of bat fatalities have been reported during the breeding season (June-July) and 40.8 % thereof in a short period of 10 days, from July 20 to 29 (2010 and 2011). However, it is important to note that wind facility presenting high bat fatalities is the only facility to have carried out surveys between 16 and 30 July. Bat fatalities affected mainly the hoary bat, with more than 70 % (35/49) of all deaths reported. Several bat fatalities have been reported for the only facility where surveys were done late in July this could suggest that the estimated mortality of bats could be underestimated in some wind facility in Quebec. To adapt the methodology and be able to adequately document the mortality of bats in wind facilities, an update of the protocol for monitoring bird and bat fatalities in wind facilities is in progress. The main changes concern the interval between visits and periods of inventories.