The colostrum serum in the human milk has a variety of proteins that characterize and contribute exclusively to the quality of nutrition. In addition to being an important source of special amino acids required for rapid growth of the baby, many of these proteins have specific functions; such as assisting in the absorption of the fluids, defending against viral and bacterial infections, and stimulating the development of the intestinal mucosa by increasing the immunocompetence of the neonate. Some proteins such as the bile, a salt-stimulated lipase, the α-amylase and α1-antitrypsin, exert their function in the gastrointestinal tract, helping the absorption of the micronutrients and macronutrients milk, because they are relatively resistant to digestive enzymes. Furthermore, other proteins such as lactoferrin, secretory immunoglobulin A, lactoperoxidase, haptocorrin, and lactaderina bioactive peptides are formed during digestion, human milk proteins may inhibit the growth of pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, or promote probiotic activity, favoring the growth of beneficial bacteria such as strains of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. There are proteins, such as cytokines, that modulate the immune response, regulate the inflammatory response and the development and growth of the newborn. Currently it is possible to reproduce the recombinant proteins of human milk in transgenic plants and animals on a large scale at a low cost. Thus, some components found in human milk can be added to other diets, substituting some qualities of the food, however it is unlikely that all original components in human milk can be reproduced and used, by employing the available technology.