Liquid Viruses by Nanoscale Engineering of Capsid Surfaces
Journal article published in 2012 by
Avinash J. Patil,
Nina McGrath,
J. Elaine Barclay,
J. Elaine Barclay,
David J. Evans,
Helmut Cölfen,
Ian Manners 
,
Adam W. Perriman,
Stephen Mann
,
Adam W. Perriman,
Stephen Mann
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Abstract
Surface engineering of plant virus capsids via cationization (1) and stoichiometric coupling of a polymer surfactant coronal layer (2) produces a highly concentrated, solvent-free liquid virus at 28 °C. These ionic bionanoconstructs are viscoelastic, retain plant infectivity and can be dispersed in a range of organic solvents for aerosol delivery.