Novel one-dimensional Mo3O10(C6H8N)2 · 2H2O nanobelt have been prepared by a facile method. SEM and TEM show Mo3O10(C6H8N)2 · 2H2O has 1D nanobelt morphology and good dispersion. The Mo3O10(C6H8N)2 · 2H2O nanobelt can prevent the reaction of Mo3O10 2- with the proton and improve the conductivity because of 1D structure and the composition of (C6H8N)2 molecules. After being measured the properties for hydrogen evolution reaction, 1D Mo3O10(C6H8N)2 · 2H2O demonstrates better electrocatalytic activity and stability for in acidic electrolyte compared with MoO3. It can be speculated that both 1D nanostructure and amine coating on Mo3O10(C6H8N)2 · 2H2O nanobelt play crucial role for improving the electrocatalytic activity.