A novel actinomycete, strain S10(T), was isolated from rhizosphere soil of wild Vitis vinifera in Thinghir, Ouarzazate Province, Southern Morocco. The taxonomic status of this strain was established using a polyphasic approach. Strain S10(T) had white-grey aerial mycelium with long, spiral spore chains bearing smooth surfaced spores and produced a yellow diffusible pigment. Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that the cell wall of strain S10(T) contained ll-diaminopimelic acid and glycine. Phylogenetic analysis based on the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain S10(T) belonged to the Group I streptomycetes, branching off next to Streptomyces marokkonensis LMG 23016(T) from the Streptomyces violaceoruber group. DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic data distinguished strain S10(T) from the phylogenetically closest related type strains. It is therefore proposed that strain S10(T) (=CCMM B35(T)=DSM 41919(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces thinghirensis sp. nov. is proposed.