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American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET), Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 11(40), p. 2074-2080, 2012

DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.046268

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Oxidative ipso Substitution of 2,4-Difluoro-benzylphthalazines: Identification of a Rare Stable Quinone Methide and Subsequent GSH Conjugate

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

In vitro metabolite identification and GSH trapping studies in human liver microsomes were conducted to understand the bioactivation potential of compound 1 [2-(6-(4-(4-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)propan-2-ol], an inhibitor of the Hedgehog pathway. The results revealed the formation of a unique, stable quinone methide metabolite (M1) via ipso substitution of a fluorine atom and subsequent formation of a GSH adduct (M2). The stability of this metabolite arises from extensive resonance-stabilized conjugation of the substituted benzylphthalazine moiety. Cytochrome P450 (P450) phenotyping studies revealed that the formation of M1 and M2 were NADPH-dependent and primarily catalyzed by CYP3A4 among the studied P450 isoforms. In summary, an unusual and stable quinone methide metabolite of compound 1 was identified, and a mechanism was proposed for its formation via an oxidative ipso substitution.