Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Successful HCV eradication can reduce the liver-related mortality and morbidity. Previous studies show that Asian HCV-1 patients tend to have higher sustained virologic response (SVR) rates than Caucasian, Hispanic or African-American HCV-1 patients. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reveal interleukin-28B (IL28B) genotypes at locus rs12979860 or rs8099917 are strong predictors for SVR in HCV-1 patients treated with peginterferon-α (PEG-IFN-α) plus ribavirin (RBV), and the higher frequencies of favorable IL28B genotype in Asian patients than those in other ethnicity may explain the superior response in Asian HCV-1 patients. However, the predictive role of IL28B genotype is limited for HCV-2 patients and for HCV patients with response-guided therapy. IL28B genotype still predicts SVR in patients with triple therapy by telaprevir (TVR) or boceprevir (BOC). For newer direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), its predictive role remains to be confirmed.