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A model to predict concentrations of DnBP metabolites in urine from a vapor-phase exposure

This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

Six volunteers spent 6 hours in an exposure chamber on 2 separate occasions during which the air contained elevated levels of DnBP. For both sessions, volunteers were only clad in shorts, facilitating the air-to skin transfer of DnBP. In one of the sessions, the volunteers breathed clean air from an airtight helmet, restricting exposure to the dermal pathway. In the other session, they did not wear the helmet and exposure was via both inhalation and dermal pathways. One urination event occurred during the chamber exposure, and all volunteers collected full urine samples for 50 hours after leaving the chamber. Levels of DnBP metabolites in the urine were above background while in the chamber and for about 36 hours after leaving the chamber. These experiments indicated that the contribution of the dermal pathway to DnBP uptake was roughly 80% of the inhalation pathway. Prior to these experiments, a transient air-to-skin-to-blood model had been published. A separate publication described a simple pharmacokinetic (PK) model to predict urine concentrations of DnBP metabolites following an oral exposure. The transient air-to-skin-to blood model was applied to this experiment to predict the flux of DnBP to blood and linked with the PK model predicting the appearance of DnBP metabolites in urine. When applied to the data set, it was found that the model reasonably predicted the urine concentrations for the urine event in the chamber and the first few events upon leaving the chamber, but then the linked model began over-predicting metabolite excretions by roughly an order of magnitude. It is believed that when participants donned clothing after leaving the chamber, some of the residual DnBP sorbed in the skin was removed by the clothing; this sink was not accounted for in the linked model. This presentation will review the experiments, the data and models, and the linked model results. Efforts to develop a clothing removal algorithm will be summarized.