The finding of the primeval bison with age of about 8000 radiocarbon years shws that relict populations of this species lived on Chukotka before the beginning of the Middle Holocene. The microstructure of the hair of the ancient specimen of the genus Bison has been studied, whuch suggects its better heat-insulating and protective properties in comparison to modern bison and aurochs. The study on the gastric contents of the primeval bison has yielded reliable data on its diet, with herbaceous plants (poic graminoids and sedges) and bushes being the basis of the diet.