A helical TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays modified with cuprous oxide (Cu2O) electrode was fabricated and used for nonenzymatic glucose detection. The structure and morphology of the Cu2O/TNT were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The electrocatalytic performance of the Cu2O/TNT electrode for glucose oxidation was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. At an applied potential of +0.65 V vs. SCE, a linear range was obtained within the concentration range of 3.0–9.0 mM with a detection limit of 62 μM (signal/noise = 3). The response time was approximately 3 s after adding 0.10 mM glucose. Formate and gluconic acid were identified as the main products of the glucose oxidation using 1H NMR spectrometry. A possible mechanism for continuous glucose oxidation was also proposed.