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Determination of Vertical Deflections by GPS/LPS Measurements

Journal article published in 2000 by Joseph L. Awange ORCID, Erik W. Grafarend
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

The transformation of coordinates from the Local Level Reference Frame to the Global Terrestrial Reference Frame (e.g. ITRF97) is a key problem of contemporary geodesy. It is conventionally solved by a means of a rotation matrix, which is represented by a triplet of orientation parameters called the astronomical longitude , astronomical latitude , and the “orientation unknown” in the horizontal plane. With respect to the local gravity vector the triplet are its spherical coordinates, in particular is direction parameters. Here we solve the problem of determining (i) the rotation matrix and (ii) the triplet of orientation parameters from GPS/LPS measurements by means of the simple Procrustes algorithm. As soon as the astronomical longitude and astronomical latitude Φ are determined - no astronomical observations are needed any more - we are able to produce vertical deflections with respect to a well chosen reference frame, e.g. the ellipsoidal normal vector field.