American Chemical Society, Nano Letters, 12(14), p. 6828-6835, 2014
DOI: 10.1021/nl504093w
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LiFePO4 has been intensively investigated as a cathode material in Li-ion batteries, as it can in principle enable the development of high power electrodes. LiFePO4, on the other hand, is inherently "plagued" by poor electronic and ionic conductivity. While the problems with low electron conductivity are partially alleviated by carbon coating and further by doping or by downsizing the active particles to nanoscale dimensions, poor ionic conductivity is still an issue. In order to develop colloidally synthesized LiFePO4 nanocrystals (NCs) optimized for high rate applications, we propose here a surface treatment of the NCs. The particles as delivered from the synthesis have a surface passivated with long chain organic surfactants, which might be dispersed only in aprotic solvents such as chloroform or toluene. Glucose that is commonly used as carbon source for carbon coating procedure in not soluble in these solvents but it can be dissolved in water. To render the NCs hydrophilic we treated them NCs with lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), which removes the surfactant ligand shell, while preserving the structural properties and the overall shape of the NCs. Only a roughening of the edges of NCs was observed due to a partial etching of their surface. Electrodes prepared from these platelet NCs delivered a capacity of 155 mAh/g, 135 mAh/g, and 125 mAh/g, at 1 C, 5 C, and 10 C, respectively, with significant capacity retention and remarkable rate capability. For example, at 60 C (10.3 A/g), a capacity of 70 mAh/g was obtained, and at 122 C (20.7 A/g), the capacity was 30 mAh/g. The rate capability and the ease of scalability in the preparation of these surface treated nanoplatelets makes them highly suitable as electrodes in Li-ion batteries.