We thank the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for constantly supporting our research program on nanomaterials. This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant number DE-FG02-05ER15657 and in part by the Department of Homeland Security’s collaborative academic research program. The work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors would like to acknowledge computational support on Lawrence Berkeley Lab’s National Energy Research Supercomputers (NERSC).