Cell Press, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 6(35), p. 348-351
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2010.03.003
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For some time, post-translational small protein modifications were found only in eukaryotes; much later, such modifications were identified in some species of bacteria. The recent discovery of ubiquitin-like proteins that form polymeric chains and covalently modify proteins in archaea finally closes the evolutionary gap among the domains of life.