Dissemin is shutting down on January 1st, 2025

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American Psychological Association, American Psychologist, 6(69), p. 629-632, 2014

DOI: 10.1037/a0037050

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The persistence of wishful thinking.

Journal article published in 2014 by Nicholas J. L. Brown ORCID, Alan D. Sokal ORCID, Harris L. Friedman
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

Recently we (Brown, Sokal, & Friedman, 2013) debunked the widely cited claim made by Fredrickson and Losada (2005) that their use of a mathematical model drawn from nonlinear dynamics (namely, the Lorenz equations from fluid dynamics) provided theoretical support for the existence of a pair of critical positivity-ratio values (2.9013 and 11.6346) such that individuals whose ratios fall between these values will "flourish," whereas people whose ratios lie outside this ideal range will "languish." For lack of space in our previous article, we refrained from addressing, except in passing, the question of whether there might be empirical evidence for the existence of one or more critical positivity ratios ("tipping points"). In response to our critique, Fredrickson and Losada (2013) withdrew their nonlinear dynamics model, but Fredrickson (December December 2013) reaffirmed some claims concerning positivity ratios on the basis of empirical studies. We would therefore like to comment briefly on these claims and the alleged supporting evidence.