The phase behavior and evolution of self-organized assembling structures in the sodium alkylcarboxylate/fatty alcohol systems were investigated by TEM. With increasing concentration of fatty alcohol, the micells transform into lamellar La phase, sponge L3 phase, multilamellar vesicle, and transform back to lamellar La phase. At higher alcohol concentration, a stable two aqueous phase coexisting region has been observed in this kind of systems after aged two months. Unilamellar vesicles were found both in two separated phases but the vesicle density of the upper phase is much higher than that of me bottom phase.