The purpose of the present study is to provide a tool for an efficient design and synthesis of non-viral vectors for small RNA delivery. The effects of properties of the polycation, such as molecular weight, charge density and backbone structure, to polyplex structure and physicochemical behavior were systematically evaluated. The condensing agents, polyethylenimine (PEI), chitosan (CS) and poly(allylamine) (PAA) were added to sRNA molecules at different N/P ratio. The efficiency of encapsulation and protection of sRNA, as well as polyplex size, zeta potential and morphology were followed and compared. The results show that PEI/sRNA polyplexes display a small size and positive zeta potential. However, for low molecular weights, this polycation is unable to protect sRNA in the presence of a decompacting agent. With chitosan, sRNA is efficiently compacted at high N/P ratios. The CS/sRNA complexes display small sizes, ca. 200nm, positive surface charge and also good stability. Finally, the PAA/sRNA polyplexes were found to be the smallest at low N/P ratios, displaying a good encapsulation efficiency and high stability. A rationale for the experimental observations is provided using Monte Carlo simulation for systems with polycations of different length and charge density. The simulations showed that there is an interplay between the size of polycation chains and its charge density that define the degree of condensation for sRNA.