The incorporation of molybdenum in the Ruddlesden-Popper type Sr3Fe2-xMoxO7-delta (x = 0-0.1) decreases oxygen deficiency, thermal expansion and electron-hole transport, and increases n-type electronic conductivity in reducing atmospheres. The oxygen ionic conduction remains essentially unaffected by doping. The equilibrium p(O-2)-T-delta diagram of Sr3Fe1.9Mo0.1O7.delta, collected in oxygen partial pressure ranges from 10(-2) to 0.7 atm at 973-1223 K, can be adequately described by a defect model accounting for the energetic nonequivalence of apical O1 and equatorial O3 sites in the layered structure, in combination with iron disproportionation and stable octahedral coordination of Mo6+ and Mo5+ cations. The calculated enthalpy of anion exchange between the O1 and O3 positions, 0.49-0.51 eV, is in agreement with the values predicted by the atomistic computer simulation technique. The high-temperature X-ray diffraction studies showed a strongly anisotropic expansion of the Ruddlesden-Popper lattice on reduction, leading to very low chemical strains favorable for electrochemical applications. At 298-1223 K and oxygen pressures from 10(-8) to 0.21 atm, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of Sr3Fe1.9Mo0.1O7-delta varies in the narrow range (12.9-14.2) x 10(-6) K-1. The relatively low level of n-type electronic conductivity leads, however, to a poor performance of porous Sr3Fe1.9Mo0.1O7-delta anodes in contact with lanthanum gallate-based solid electrolyte under reducing conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.