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American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Research Letters, 2(42), p. 290-296

DOI: 10.1002/2014gl062515

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Role of Mantle Flow in Nubia-Somalia Plate Divergence

Journal article published in 2014 by D. S. Stamps ORCID, G. Iaffaldano, E. Calais
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Present-day continental extension along the East African Rift System (EARS) has often been attributed to diverging sub-lithospheric mantle-flow associated with the African Superplume. This implies a degree of viscous coupling between mantle and lithosphere that remains poorly constrained. Recent advances in estimating present-day opening rates along the EARS from geodesy offer an opportunity to address this issue with geodynamic modeling of the mantle-lithosphere system. Here, we use numerical models of the global mantle-plates coupled system to test the role of present-day mantle-flow in Nubia-Somalia plate divergence across the EARS. The scenario yielding the best-fit to geodetic observations is one where torques associated with gradients of gravitational potential energy stored in the African highlands are resisted by weak continental faults and mantle basal drag. These results suggest thet shear tractions from diverging mantle flow play a minor role in present-day Nubia-Somalia divergence.