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Acoustical Society of America, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 6(126), p. 3057

DOI: 10.1121/1.3257184

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High-rate synthetic aperture communications in shallow water. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126, 3057-3061

Journal article published in 2009 by H. C. Song, W. S. Hodgkiss, W. A. Kuperman, T. Akal, M. Stevenson
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

Time reversal communication exploits spatial diversity to achieve spatial and temporal focusing in complex ocean environments. Spatial diversity can be provided easily by a vertical array in a waveguide. Alternatively, spatial diversity can be obtained from a virtual horizontal array generated by two elements, a transmitter and a receiver, due to relative motion between them, referred to as a synthetic aperture. This paper presents coherent synthetic aperture communication results from at-sea experiments conducted in two different frequency bands: (1) 2-4 kHz and (2) 8-20 kHz. Case (1) employs binary-phase shift-keying modulation, while case (2) involves up to eight-phase shift keying modulation with a data rate of 30 kbits/s divided by the number of transmissions (diversity) to be accumulated. The receiver utilizes time reversal diversity combining followed by a single channel equalizer, with frequent channel updates to accommodate the time-varying channel due to coupling of space and time in the presence of motion. Two to five consecutive transmissions from a source moving at 4 kts over 3-6 km range in shallow water are combined successfully after Doppler compensation, confirming the feasibility of coherent synthetic aperture communications using time reversal.