Fish kills in two geographically separate fish farms in northern Denmark in 2012, one using marine, the other brackish water ‘Recirculation Aquaculture Systems’ (RAS), were found to be caused by Pfiesteria shumwayae and Luciella masanensis, two species of dinoflagellates belonging to the family Pfiesteriaceae. There were no other harmful algae present in either of the aquaculture plants. Serious fish kills in the US have been attributed to Pfiesteria during the past 20 years, but this type of mortality has not been documented elsewhere. L. masanensis, described recently from Korea and USA, has not been previously reported to be the source of fish kills. In the marine farm, the affected fish was rainbow trout, in the brackish water farm pikeperch. Light microscopy is presently insufficient to discriminate between the approx. 20 species of the family Pfiesteriaceae described. Identification of the two algal species was therefore based on molecular sequencing of nuclear-encoded LSU rDNA, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and, eventually, also by examination of the very thin amphiesmal plates of the flagellates by calcofluor-stained cells in a fluorescence microscope.