Nearly all viruses are able to be neutralized by antibodies. However, there is a controversy about antibody-mediated African swine fever virus (ASFV) neutralization with sera from convalescent pigs and also about the protective relevance of antibodies in experimentally vaccinated pigs. At present, there is no vaccine available for this highly lethal and economically relevant virus and all classical attempts to generate a vaccine have failed. This failure has been attributed in part to the many authors proclaimed absence of neutralizing antibodies. Some studies clearly contradict the paradigm of the impossibility of ASFV to be neutralized by monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. This review discusses the scientific evidences for the existence of this type of antibodies in convalescent and experimentally immunized animals, the nature of their specificity, the neutralization-mediated mechanisms demonstrated and their potential relevance in protection. This review seeks to establish definitively that ASFV can be effectively neutralized by specific antibodies.