Ceria (CeO2) is enjoying increasing popularity in catalytic applications, and in some cases has established itself as an irreplaceable component. The reasons for such success stem from the intrinsic structural and redox properties of ceria. Reducing the ceria particles to the nanoscale has a profound impact on the catalytic behavior. The proliferation of improved synthetic methods that allow control over the final morphology and size of the nano-structures is opening new possibilities in terms of catalytic potential, particularly for energy-related applications.