The killifish Aphanius farsicus Teimori, Esmaeili & Reichenbacher, 2011 (Cyprinodontidae) or the Fars endemic toothcarp, once was widely distributed in Fars water bodies, but now is dispatriating from its native region. This fish is not listed in IUCN’s Red Data Book, but it should be due to criteria such as restricted distribution, destruction of spawning grounds and environmental pollution and drought. This vulnerable species has considerable ecological importance, but there are little data on its biology. The limited available data on its systematics, distribution, ecology, reproduction and threats are summarized and discussed.