Published in
Elsevier, International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2(98), p. 270-275, 2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.11.005
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Fear load: The psychophysiological over-expression of fear as an intermediate phenotype associated with trauma reactions
Journal article published in 2014 by
Seth Davin Norrholm,
Ebony M. Glover,
Jennifer S. Stevens,
Negar Fani 
,
Isaac R. Galatzer Levy,
Bekh Bradley,
Kerry J. Ressler,
Tanja Jovanovic
,
Isaac R. Galatzer Levy,
Bekh Bradley,
Kerry J. Ressler,
Tanja Jovanovic
This paper is available in a repository.
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Abstract
The RDoC construct of Acute Threat/Fear can be measured using fear-potentiated startle.•Fear load refers to high levels of fear-potentiated startle during the early phase of extinction.•Fear load was positively correlated with intrusive distressing thoughts after trauma exposure.•As a biomarker of symptom severity, fear load can provide a target for therapeutic intervention.