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Influence of daytime and age on the approach and avoidance behaviour of commercial broiler chicken

Proceedings article published in 2015 by F. Hakansson, M. K. Kirchner, H. H. Kristensen
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Preprint: policy unknown
Question mark in circle
Postprint: policy unknown
Question mark in circle
Published version: policy unknown

Abstract

As activity levels of intensively managed broiler chicken vary over time, detailed knowledge on their influence is potentially useful to further adjust welfare assessment schemes. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of daytime and age on the performance of broiler chicken in two applied fear tests. On-farm studies were carried out in eight flocks of intensively managed broiler chicken (Ross-308) of three Danish producers. Flock size ranged from 22.000 to 30.000 and the birds were kept at a maximum stocking density of 32 kg/m 2. Lighting was applied differently for each farm. A forced and a voluntary approach test were conducted during morning and evening hours and at three different ages (6-12d; 21-24d and 'prior to slaughter'). At each observation, the avoidance distances (AD) of 40 birds and the number of animals voluntarily approaching (VA) an observer at four different locations per house were collected. Spearman correlation was used to investigate the effect of daytime on avoidance and approach, Mann-Whitney-test was used to look for differences in the distribution of the individual data sets. No significant correlation was found between daytime and AD or VA. When tested at different ages, daytime and VA were significantly correlated (1: r= 0.56*; 2: r= 0.40*; 3: r= 0.64*), but the results were not consistent. At three weeks of age, the VA was found to be higher in the morning. However, at one week and prior to slaughter more birds approach an observer in the evening. The AD did not differ between morning and evening observations depending on age. Both, approach and avoidance peaked at three weeks of age and decreased prior to slaughter. A measure to investigate the human-animal-relationship is included in the welfare assessment protocol for broiler chicken (Welfare Quality®, 2009). However, detailed knowledge about limitations that might affect the outcome of the applied test is scare. This study aimed at gaining further information about possible time dependencies of applied fear tests. From the results of this study I conclude, that the time of assessment has no effect on avoidance or approach behaviour of intensive managed slow-growing broiler chicken. However, as expected, the results of the applied tests changed depending on age. This makes the applied tests potentially applicable independent of daytime restrictions when performed with birds of the same age.