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Elsevier, Environment International, (82), p. 92-100

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.013

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Human recreational exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria in coastal bathing waters

Journal article published in 2015 by Anne F. C. Leonard, Andrew J. Balfour, Lihong Zhang, Ruth Garside ORCID, William H. Gaze
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

Infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are associated with poor health outcomes and are recognised globally as a serious health problem. Much research has been conducted on the transmission of ARB to humans. Yet the role the natural environment plays in the spread of ARB and antibiotic resistance genes is not well understood. Antibiotic resistant bacteria have been detected in natural aquatic environments, and ingestion of seawater during water sports is one route by which many people could be directly exposed.