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EDP Sciences, Matériaux & Techniques, 1(97), p. 19-28, 2009

DOI: 10.1051/mattech/2009009

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Matériaux intelligents structuraux et biomimétisme

Journal article published in 2009 by P. F. Gobin, Michelle Salvia, Michel Morin
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.
This paper was not found in any repository, but could be made available legally by the author.

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Abstract

The term 'smart materials' does not apply to a new discipline but a range of industrial and scientific activities that belong naturally to the context of the historical evolution of the concept of material and structure. Under the effect of multiple constraints the concept of `a priori' optimization of a set of physico-chemical, mechanical... (and financial) specifications of a material has become usual. The major step has now overcome is that of the material `sensitive' and/or `active and adaptable' acting as witness and eventually actor of its permanent behavior... The formal similarity with the living world is clear. So, the aim is in this frame of a `biomimetic inspiration' to engender safer materials and/or complex technological structures, with the ability to respond, if possible, to their environmental constraints and their own conditions. Le terme "Matériaux intelligents" ne s'applique pas à une nouvelle discipline mais à un ensemble d'activités industrielles et scientifiques qui s'inscrivent naturellement dans le cadre de l'évolution historique du concept de matériau et de structure. Sous l'effet de contraintes multiples, la notion d'optimisation a priori d'un ensemble de caractéristiques physico-chimiques, mécaniques... (et financières) d'un matériau est devenue banale. Le pas à franchir désormais est celui du matériau "sensible et informé" et/ou "actif et adaptable" témoin et éventuellement acteur en continu de son comportement. L'analogie formelle avec le vivant est évidente et cette approche biomimétique est à l'origine de retombées importantes dans des domaines très divers et en particulier dans celui de la sécurité et de la maintenance des objets technologiques complexes.