Pregabalin is a novel drug under development for its analgesic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant properties, and its interaction with alpha (2) delta-subunit of voltage-dependent Ca (2+) channels. As a new pain treatment option, we started use of pregabalin for patients with neuropathic pain, and conducted a survey on proper usage at our hospital. We investigated the department prescribing pregabalin, target disease, efficacy, and side effects in 121 patients on new prescriptions for pregabalin from June 2010 to March 2011. As a result, we found that anesthesiologists (57%) prescribed it the most followed by orthopedic surgeons (19%). It was most often prescribed to patients with postherpetic neuralgia, and patients with spinal disorders in orthopedic surgery. It was also relatively prescribed for patients with cancer pain. Effective pain relief was obtained in approximately 50% of all cases. Prescription was discontinued in 12% of the patients due to side effects. Pregabalin was also prescribed to 35% of the patients for off-label use at our hospital. In conclusion, pregabalin is an effective drug for neurological pain, but because it has relatively many side effects, use of the PainDETECT and BS-POP diagnostic tools is recommended when prescribing it.